@Mattias CentOS 8 is compatible with Graylog installation and Graylog document recommending with step by step procedure. AFAIK, you are running Graylog components on the same server, which has 16GB of RAM where you allocated almost 12 GB for JVM (ES and Graylog - 6 GB each), and the remaining 4 GB is OS using it with many services. I would like to request you to check your OS logs (/var/log/messages) where OOM killer might get initiated, and that might kill the process of highly utilized memory.
Also you can check below video for your reference
If you want to add your logs then use FAQ - Graylog Community instructions for better alignment of it.